American Society of Radiologic Technologist (ASRT) Practice Exam

What does the absence of the right heart border on a PA chest radiograph indicate when the right middle lobe is consolidated?

1. Silhouette sign

2. Cardiac sign

3. Pneumonia sign

4. Halo sign

The correct answer is: Silhouette sign

The absence of the right heart border on a posteroanterior (PA) chest radiograph when the right middle lobe is consolidated indicates the silhouette sign. This sign occurs when structures of the same radiographic density are adjacent to one another, making them indistinguishable. In this case, the consolidation of the right middle lobe, which has a similar density to that of the heart, obscures the right heart border on the X-ray. When consolidation occurs, the borders of the affected lobe and the adjacent heart lose their distinct contrast, leading to the loss of visualization of the right heart margin. This finding is significant in radiology because it can help to localize the site of pathology, such as pneumonia, and indicates that there is a process (like fluid or solidification) affecting the lung tissue adjacent to the heart. Thus, recognizing the silhouette sign is essential for understanding the implications of a consolidated right middle lobe and directing the appropriate clinical management.